Larynx

Laryngology 101: Laryngoscopy the art of seeing the voice (vocal cords) (Article)
Laryngoscopy is the art of placing a camera in the throat to view the vocal cords. Important aspects of how to perform the examination, what structures can be seen and how do different areas function are described. A laryngoscopy is the foundation for diagnosing hoarseness or voice problems. (posted 8:27 PM, February 9, 2015)

Anatomia (Article)
This interactive resource provides animated views of the internal structures of the larynx and the mucosa, allowing the user to view animations of muscle contraction in all planes, complete with descriptions and definitions. Additionally, images of a larynx dissection, video clips of normal vocal fold function and of vocal fold pathologies, and some clinical case studies are available. Learning objectives and self-quizzes are also included. (posted 5:28 PM, February 8, 2015)

Interactive Atlas of the Larynx (Article)
An interactive diagram of the larynx. This resource demonstrates how the larynx is constructed and how different parts of the larynx work separately and together. Includes visuals of how the intrinsic muscles of the larynx work. A wonderful resource for any undergraduate pedagogy class. (posted 8:31 PM, November 13, 2014)

How the CricoThyroid muscle change phonation pitch (Article)
This very brief (1 minute) video shows a demonstration of the action of the cricothyroid muscle in elongating and thinning the vocal folds, using an excised cow larynx. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

How the LCA and IA muscles adduct (close) the glottis (Article)
This very brief (1 minute) video shows a demonstration of the action of the lateral cricoarytenoids and interaryenoids in adducting the vocal folds and closing the posterior glottic gap, using an excised cow larynx. THere is a biref demonstration of both the posterior cricoarytenoid and the cricothyroid muscles. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

Larynx - Cartilages - 3D Anatomy Tutorial (Article)
This 12-minute video uses 3-D computer graphics to elucidate the cartilagenous framework of the larynx, including the muscular attachments. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

Muscles of the Larynx-Part 1 (Article)
This 8-minute video uses 3-D computer graphics to give a clear basic introduction to the muscles attached to the cricoid cartilage. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

Mucosa of the Larynx and Vocal Cords - 3D Anatomy Tutorial (Article)
This 15-minute video provides an in-depth, 3-D description of the mucosa of the larynx, and helpful breakdown of the vestibule, "true" and "false" vocal folds. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

Laughter video (Article)
This very short video clip shows the larynx during laughter. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

whistling video (Article)
This very short video clip shows the larynx during whistling (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

nodules video (Article)
This brief video shows a stroboscopic laryngeal exam of a female with nodules. Several pitches are produced. It is clear that the nodules prevent vocal fold vibration at a higher pitch. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

Introduction to Larynx, Pharynx, and Airway Anatomy (Article)
This 15-minute video uses models, diagrams and several endoscopy videos to demonstrate the anatomy and phyisology of the vocal tract, touching briefly on the airway's role in swallowing and focusing primarily on speech. Endoscopy videos are included, showing the difference between healthy and damaged vocal folds. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

normal larynx video without and with stroboscopy (Article)
This video shows the larynx of a college-age singer with a healthy larynx. The vibration is seen as a blur at first, but halfway through, the halogen light is turned off and the strobe (xenon) light is turned on. The stroboscopy gives the optimal illusion of slow-motion vibration, allowing us to see the mucosal wave. Notice the symmetry and regularity of the normal mucosal wave. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

About the Voice - How the Voice Works (Article)
This webpage provides a very basic introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the larynx, and how the voice works. Diagrams are highly schematic. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

polyp video (Article)
This video shows a larynx with a hemorrhagic (blood filled, aka vascular) polyp on the right vocal fold. The polyp results in incomplete closure of the glottis, and irregular vibration of the vocal folds. The varies according to pitch and loudness. The video makes it clear why the singing voice quality in the audio clip varies from markedly rough to normal. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

An Essay on the Evidence Based of Vocal Hygeine (Article)
The study analyzes clinical and biomedical evidence for four aspects of vocal hygiene: the promotion of adequate hydration, the avoidance of caffeine intake, the avoidance of milk products, and advocacy of a warm-up before extended periods of voice use. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

Hormone Replacement Therapy: Implications of the Women's Health Initiative for the Perimenopausal Singer (Article)
Insert abstract here (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

Vocal Health: What NATS Teachers Need to Know (Article)
This 90-minute video shows a presentation given by Dr. Robert Sataloff at the 2008 National Conference of the National Association of Teachers of Singing. It provides a basic overview of essentials of anatomy and physiology that singing teachers should understand, as well as an overview of medical conditions that affect the voice, and basic concepts of evaluation and treatment. (posted 2:34 PM, August 27, 2014)

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